Instructions

Test suite

Solution

Note:

This solution was written on an old version of Exercism. The tests below might not correspond to the solution code, and the exercise may have changed since this code was written.

To try and encourage more sales of different books from a popular 5 book series, a bookshop has decided to offer discounts on multiple book purchases.

One copy of any of the five books costs $8.

If, however, you buy two different books, you get a 5% discount on those two books.

If you buy 3 different books, you get a 10% discount.

If you buy 4 different books, you get a 20% discount.

If you buy all 5, you get a 25% discount.

Note: that if you buy four books, of which 3 are different titles, you get a 10% discount on the 3 that form part of a set, but the fourth book still costs $8.

Your mission is to write a piece of code to calculate the price of any conceivable shopping basket (containing only books of the same series), giving as big a discount as possible.

For example, how much does this basket of books cost?

2 copies of the first book
2 copies of the second book
2 copies of the third book
1 copy of the fourth book
1 copy of the fifth book

One way of grouping these 8 books is:

1 group of 5 --> 25% discount (1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th)
+1 group of 3 --> 10% discount (1st,2nd,3rd)

This would give a total of:

5 books at a 25% discount
+3 books at a 10% discount

Resulting in:

5 x (8 - 2.00) == 5 x 6.00 == $30.00
+3 x (8 - 0.80) == 3 x 7.20 == $21.60

For a total of $51.60

However, a different way to group these 8 books is:

1 group of 4 books --> 20% discount (1st,2nd,3rd,4th)
+1 group of 4 books --> 20% discount (1st,2nd,3rd,5th)

This would give a total of:

4 books at a 20% discount
+4 books at a 20% discount

Resulting in:

4 x (8 - 1.60) == 4 x 6.40 == $25.60
+4 x (8 - 1.60) == 4 x 6.40 == $25.60

For a total of $51.20

And $51.20 is the price with the biggest discount.

Running the tests

You can run all the tests for an exercise by entering

$ gradle test

in your terminal.

Source

Inspired by the harry potter kata from Cyber-Dojo. http://cyber-dojo.org

Submitting Incomplete Solutions

It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

BookStoreTest.java

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Arrays;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import org.junit.Test;

public class BookStoreTest {

  // This is sufficient accuracy since we're handling currency values, which should be equal to within 2 decimal places.
  private static final double EQUALITY_TOLERANCE = 0.001;

  private BookStore bookStore;

  @Before
  public void setUp() {
    bookStore = new BookStore();
  }

  @Test
  public void onlyASingleBook() {
    List<Integer> books = Collections.singletonList(1);
    assertEquals(8.00, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

  @Ignore("Remove to run test")
  @Test
  public void twoOfSameBook() {
    List<Integer> books = Arrays.asList(2, 2);
    assertEquals(16.00, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

  @Ignore("Remove to run test")
  @Test
  public void emptyBasket() {
    List<Integer> books = Collections.emptyList();
    assertEquals(0.00, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

  @Ignore("Remove to run test")
  @Test
  public void twoDifferentBooks() {
    List<Integer> books = Arrays.asList(1, 2);
    assertEquals(15.20, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

  @Ignore("Remove to run test")
  @Test
  public void threeDifferentBooks() {
    List<Integer> books = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3);
    assertEquals(21.60, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

  @Ignore("Remove to run test")
  @Test
  public void fourDifferentBooks() {
    List<Integer> books = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);
    assertEquals(25.60, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

  @Ignore("Remove to run test")
  @Test
  public void fiveDifferentBooks() {
    List<Integer> books = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
    assertEquals(30.00, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

  @Ignore("Remove to run test")
  @Test
  public void twoGroupsOfFourIsCheaperThanGroupOfFivePlusGroupOfThree() {
    List<Integer> books = Arrays.asList(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5);
    assertEquals(51.20, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

  @Ignore("Remove to run test")
  @Test
  public void groupOfFourPlusGroupOfTwoIsCheaperThanTwoGroupsOfThree() {
    List<Integer> books = Arrays.asList(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4);
    assertEquals(40.80, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

  @Ignore("Remove to run test")
  @Test
  public void twoEachOfFirst4BooksAnd1CopyEachOfRest() {
    List<Integer> books = Arrays.asList(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5);
    assertEquals(55.60, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

  @Ignore("Remove to run test")
  @Test
  public void twoCopiesOfEachBook() {
    List<Integer> books = Arrays.asList(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5);
    assertEquals(60.00, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

  @Ignore("Remove to run test")
  @Test
  public void threeCopiesOfFirstBookAnd2EachOfRemaining() {
    List<Integer> books = Arrays.asList(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 1);
    assertEquals(68.00, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

  @Ignore("Remove to run test")
  @Test
  public void threeEachOFirst2BooksAnd2EachOfRemainingBooks() {
    List<Integer> books = Arrays.asList(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 1, 2);
    assertEquals(75.20, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

  @Ignore("Remove to run test")
  @Test
  public void fourGroupsOfFourAreCheaperThanTwoGroupsEachOfFiveAndThree() {
    List<Integer> books = Arrays.asList(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5);
    assertEquals(102.4, bookStore.calculateBasketCost(books), EQUALITY_TOLERANCE);
  }

}

import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

public class BookStore {

    private static final int BOOK_PRICE = 8;
    private final Map<Integer, Double> discounts;
    private final int distinctBookCount;

    public BookStore() {
        this.discounts = Map.of(1, 0.0, 2, .05, 3, .10, 4, .20, 5, .25);
        this.distinctBookCount = discounts.size();
    }

    public double calculateBasketCost(List<Integer> books) {
        double total = 0;

        for (Integer quantity : getDiscountGroups(books)) {
            double discount = this.discounts.get(quantity);
            double amount = quantity * BOOK_PRICE;
            total += (amount - amount * discount);
        }

        return total;
    }

    private List<Integer> getDiscountGroups(List<Integer> books) {
        List<Set<Integer>> listOfBookSets = new ArrayList<>();

        for (Integer book : books) {
            boolean inserted = false;
            for (Set<Integer> set : listOfBookSets) {
                if (set.size() != distinctBookCount && !set.contains(book)) {
                    inserted = true;
                    set.add(book);
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!inserted) {
                Set<Integer> bookSet = new HashSet<>(distinctBookCount);
                bookSet.add(book);
                listOfBookSets.add(bookSet);
            }
        }

        return transformToGroups(listOfBookSets);
    }

    private List<Integer> transformToGroups(List<Set<Integer>> listOfBookSets) {
        List<Integer> listOfGroups = listOfBookSets.stream()
                .map(Set::size)
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
        optimizeDiscount(listOfGroups);
        return listOfGroups;
    }

    private void optimizeDiscount(List<Integer> listOfGroups) {
        int count5 = countGroups(listOfGroups, 5);
        int count3 = countGroups(listOfGroups, 3);
        if (count5 > 0 && count5 == count3) {
            for (int i = 0; i < listOfGroups.size(); i++) {
                int count = listOfGroups.get(i);
                if (count == 3 || count == 5) {
                    listOfGroups.set(i, 4);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private int countGroups(List<Integer> listOfGroups, int value) {
        int total = 0;
        for (int count : listOfGroups) {
            if (count == value) {
                total++;
            } else if (count < value) {
                break;
            }
        }
        return total;
    }
}

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spinguice's solution

to Book Store in the Java Track