A complex number is a number in the form a + b * i where a and b are real and i satisfies i^2 = -1.
a is called the real part and b is called the imaginary part of z.
The conjugate of the number a + b * i is the number a - b * i.
The absolute value of a complex number z = a + b * i is a real number |z| = sqrt(a^2 + b^2). The square of the absolute value |z|^2 is the result of multiplication of z by its complex conjugate.
The sum/difference of two complex numbers involves adding/subtracting their real and imaginary parts separately:
(a + i * b) + (c + i * d) = (a + c) + (b + d) * i,
(a + i * b) - (c + i * d) = (a - c) + (b - d) * i.
Multiplication result is by definition
(a + i * b) * (c + i * d) = (a * c - b * d) + (b * c + a * d) * i.
The reciprocal of a non-zero complex number is
1 / (a + i * b) = a/(a^2 + b^2) - b/(a^2 + b^2) * i.
Dividing a complex number a + i * b by another c + i * d gives:
(a + i * b) / (c + i * d) = (a * c + b * d)/(c^2 + d^2) + (b * c - a * d)/(c^2 + d^2) * i.
Raising e to a complex exponent can be expressed as e^(a + i * b) = e^a * e^(i * b), the last term of which is given by Euler's formula e^(i * b) = cos(b) + i * sin(b).
Implement the following operations:
Assume the programming language you are using does not have an implementation of complex numbers.
You also need to implement a equal/2 function. For this you can consider
two numbers as equal, when the difference of each component is less than 0.005.
In order to run the tests, issue the following command from the exercise directory:
For running the tests provided, rebar3 is used as it is the official build and
dependency management tool for erlang now. Please refer to the tracks installation
instructions on how to do that.
In order to run the tests, you can issue the following command from the exercise directory.
$ rebar3 eunit
For detailed information about the Erlang track, please refer to the help page on the Exercism site. This covers the basic information on setting up the development environment expected by the exercises.
Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number
It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.
%% Based on canonical data version 1.3.0
%% https://github.com/exercism/problem-specifications/raw/master/exercises/complex-numbers/canonical-data.json
%% This file is automatically generated from the exercises canonical data.
-module(complex_numbers_tests).
-include_lib("erl_exercism/include/exercism.hrl").
-include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl").
'1_real_part_of_a_purely_real_number_test'() ->
?assert(1 ==
complex_numbers:real(complex_numbers:new(1, 0))).
'2_real_part_of_a_purely_imaginary_number_test'() ->
?assert(0 ==
complex_numbers:real(complex_numbers:new(0, 1))).
'3_real_part_of_a_number_with_real_and_imaginary_part_test'() ->
?assert(1 ==
complex_numbers:real(complex_numbers:new(1, 2))).
'4_imaginary_part_of_a_purely_real_number_test'() ->
?assert(0 ==
complex_numbers:imaginary(complex_numbers:new(1, 0))).
'5_imaginary_part_of_a_purely_imaginary_number_test'() ->
?assert(1 ==
complex_numbers:imaginary(complex_numbers:new(0, 1))).
'6_imaginary_part_of_a_number_with_real_and_imaginary_part_test'() ->
?assert(2 ==
complex_numbers:imaginary(complex_numbers:new(1, 2))).
'7_imaginary_unit_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(-1,
0),
complex_numbers:mul(complex_numbers:new(0, 1),
complex_numbers:new(0,
1)))).
'8_add_purely_real_numbers_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(3, 0),
complex_numbers:add(complex_numbers:new(1, 0),
complex_numbers:new(2,
0)))).
'9_add_purely_imaginary_numbers_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(0, 3),
complex_numbers:add(complex_numbers:new(0, 1),
complex_numbers:new(0,
2)))).
'10_add_numbers_with_real_and_imaginary_part_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(4, 6),
complex_numbers:add(complex_numbers:new(1, 2),
complex_numbers:new(3,
4)))).
'11_subtract_purely_real_numbers_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(-1,
0),
complex_numbers:sub(complex_numbers:new(1, 0),
complex_numbers:new(2,
0)))).
'12_subtract_purely_imaginary_numbers_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(0,
-1),
complex_numbers:sub(complex_numbers:new(0, 1),
complex_numbers:new(0,
2)))).
'13_subtract_numbers_with_real_and_imaginary_part_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(-2,
-2),
complex_numbers:sub(complex_numbers:new(1, 2),
complex_numbers:new(3,
4)))).
'14_multiply_purely_real_numbers_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(2, 0),
complex_numbers:mul(complex_numbers:new(1, 0),
complex_numbers:new(2,
0)))).
'15_multiply_purely_imaginary_numbers_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(-2,
0),
complex_numbers:mul(complex_numbers:new(0, 1),
complex_numbers:new(0,
2)))).
'16_multiply_numbers_with_real_and_imaginary_part_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(-5,
10),
complex_numbers:mul(complex_numbers:new(1, 2),
complex_numbers:new(3,
4)))).
'17_divide_purely_real_numbers_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(5.0e-1,
0),
complex_numbers:divide(complex_numbers:new(1,
0),
complex_numbers:new(2,
0)))).
'18_divide_purely_imaginary_numbers_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(5.0e-1,
0),
complex_numbers:divide(complex_numbers:new(0,
1),
complex_numbers:new(0,
2)))).
'19_divide_numbers_with_real_and_imaginary_part_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(4.4e-1,
8.0e-2),
complex_numbers:divide(complex_numbers:new(1,
2),
complex_numbers:new(3,
4)))).
'20_absolute_value_of_a_positive_purely_real_number_test'() ->
?assert(5 ==
complex_numbers:abs(complex_numbers:new(5, 0))).
'21_absolute_value_of_a_negative_purely_real_number_test'() ->
?assert(5 ==
complex_numbers:abs(complex_numbers:new(-5, 0))).
'22_absolute_value_of_a_purely_imaginary_number_with_positive_imaginary_part_test'() ->
?assert(5 ==
complex_numbers:abs(complex_numbers:new(0, 5))).
'23_absolute_value_of_a_purely_imaginary_number_with_negative_imaginary_part_test'() ->
?assert(5 ==
complex_numbers:abs(complex_numbers:new(0, -5))).
'24_absolute_value_of_a_number_with_real_and_imaginary_part_test'() ->
?assert(5 ==
complex_numbers:abs(complex_numbers:new(3, 4))).
'25_conjugate_a_purely_real_number_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(5, 0),
complex_numbers:conjugate(complex_numbers:new(5,
0)))).
'26_conjugate_a_purely_imaginary_number_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(0,
-5),
complex_numbers:conjugate(complex_numbers:new(0,
5)))).
'27_conjugate_a_number_with_real_and_imaginary_part_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(1,
-1),
complex_numbers:conjugate(complex_numbers:new(1,
1)))).
'28_eulers_identityformula_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(-1,
0),
complex_numbers:exp(complex_numbers:new(0,
3.14159265358979311600)))).
'29_exponential_of_0_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(1, 0),
complex_numbers:exp(complex_numbers:new(0,
0)))).
'30_exponential_of_a_purely_real_number_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(2.71828182845904509080,
0),
complex_numbers:exp(complex_numbers:new(1,
0)))).
'31_exponential_of_a_number_with_real_and_imaginary_part_test'() ->
?assert(complex_numbers:equal(complex_numbers:new(-2,
0),
complex_numbers:exp(complex_numbers:new(6.93147180559945286227e-1,
3.14159265358979311600)))).-module(complex_numbers).
-export([abs/1, add/2, conjugate/1, divide/2, equal/2, exp/1, imaginary/1, mul/2, new/2,
real/1, sub/2]).
-define(TRESHOLD, 0.005).
abs({R, I}) -> math:sqrt(math:pow(R, 2) + math:pow(I, 2)).
add({R1, I1}, {R2, I2}) -> {R1 + R2, I1 + I2}.
conjugate({R, I}) -> {R, -1 * I}.
divide({R1, I1}, {R2, I2}) ->
Divisor = math:pow(R2, 2) + math:pow(I2, 2),
{(R1 * R2 + I1 * I2) / Divisor, (I1 * R2 - R1 * I2) / Divisor}.
equal({R1, I1}, {R2, I2}) -> (erlang:abs(R1 - R2) < ?TRESHOLD) andalso (erlang:abs(I1 - I2) < ?TRESHOLD).
exp({R, I}) -> {math:exp(R) * math:cos(I), math:exp(R) * math:sin(I)}.
imaginary({_, I}) -> I.
mul({R1, I1}, {R2, I2}) -> {R1 * R2 - I1 * I2, R2 * I1 + R1 * I2}.
new(R, I) -> {R, I}.
real({R, _}) -> R.
sub({R1, I1}, {R2, I2}) -> {R1 - R2, I1 - I2}.A huge amount can be learned from reading other people’s code. This is why we wanted to give exercism users the option of making their solutions public.
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